1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite:

2 And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

3 And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice to the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there.

4 And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:

5 But to Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up her womb.

6 And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb.

7 And as he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of the LORD, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and did not eat.

8 Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weep you? and why eat you not? and why is your heart grieved? am not I better to you than ten sons?

9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat on a seat by a post of the temple of the LORD.

10 And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed to the LORD, and wept sore.

11 And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if you will indeed look on the affliction of your handmaid, and remember me, and not forget your handmaid, but will give to your handmaid a man child, then I will give him to the LORD all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come on his head.

12 And it came to pass, as she continued praying before the LORD, that Eli marked her mouth.

13 Now Hannah, she spoke in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken.

14 And Eli said to her, How long will you be drunken? put away your wine from you.

15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the LORD.

16 Count not your handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken till now.

17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant you your petition that you have asked of him.

18 And she said, Let your handmaid find grace in your sight. So the woman went her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more sad.

19 And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the LORD, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her.

20 Why it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bore a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD.

21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer to the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.

22 But Hannah went not up; for she said to her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever.

23 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Do what seems you good; tarry until you have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word. So the woman stayed, and gave her son suck until she weaned him.

24 And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought him to the house of the LORD in Shiloh: and the child was young.

25 And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli.

26 And she said, Oh my lord, as your soul lives, my lord, I am the woman that stood by you here, praying to the LORD.

27 For this child I prayed; and the LORD has given me my petition which I asked of him:

28 Therefore also I have lent him to the LORD; as long as he lives he shall be lent to the LORD. And he worshipped the LORD there.

mount = hill country of.

Elkanah = Acquired by God, i.e. perhaps in exchange

for firstborn ( Num 3:13, Num 3:45), a son of Korah. See Exo 6:24.

Hannah = Grace.

Peninnah = Pearl. Note the Figure of speech Antimetabole. App-6.

children = offspring. Hebrew. yalad.

yearly. Hebrew "from days to days". Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part), App-6, to emphasise the regularity.

the LORD of hosts = Jehovah Sabaioth, one of the Jehovah-titles. The first of 281 occurrences. Denotes the God of Israel as the Lord of all the hosts of heaven and earth. See App-4. This title specially characterises this book.

Shiloh. Where the Tabernacle and Ark were. Jos 18:1; Jos 19:51; Jos 22:9. Jdg 18:31.

the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.

time = day. Punctuality thus emphasised.

worthy = double.

why . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. Compare Joh 20:13, Joh 20:15. . . . than ten sons. Probably a Parcemia (App-6). It is so to-day among the Arabs: such a woman being called moonejeba = ennobled.

a seat = the seat. First occurrence. Compare Zec 6:13.

a post = door post, or side post.

the temple = palace. Hebrew. heykal. Seven mentioned in Scripture: (1) The Tabernacle, 1Sa 1:9; (2) Solomon’s, 1Ki 6:5, 1Ki 6:17; (3) Zerubbabel’s, Ezr 4:1, Ezr 4:2; (4) Herod’s, Joh 2:20; (5) The future one of 2Th 2:4; (6) The millennial temple of Eze 41:1; and (7) the heavenly temple of Rev 21:3, Rev 21:22. Also seven references to believers as a temple in N.T.: 1Co 3:9-17; 1Co 6:19. 2Co 6:16. Eph 2:20, Eph 2:21. Heb 3:6. 1Pe 2:5; 1Pe 4:17.

soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13.

vowed a vow = made a solemn vow. Figure of speech Polyptoton. App-6. See note on Gen 26:28.

remember me, and not forget. Figure of speech Pleonasm (App-6) for great emphasis.

no razor. See Num 6:5. Jdg 13:5; Jdg 16:17.

How long . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6.

spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9.

God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4.

Ramah. Hence this was Samuel’s residence. remembered. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6.

bare a son. Thus Samuel was a descendant of Korah. See Exo 6:24.

Samuel. See note on Title, in the book comments for Samuel.

man. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14.

offer = sacrifice. App-43.

child = young child.

for ever. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Whole), App-6. The whole put for a portion; i.e. as long as he lives. Put literally in 1Sa 1:28.

weaned. From 2 Macc. 7.27 it has been inferred that the time of weaning included the periods of nourishment and up-bringing, which would bring Samuel to the age of at least twelve years. Compare Isaac’s weaning at the age of five years, and see Gen 21:8. three bullocks. Septuagint and Syriac read "a bullock of three years". Compare 1Sa 1:25, and Gen 15:9.

ephah. See App-51.

a bottle = a skin bottle. and the child was young. Hebrew vehannar na ’ ar. Figure of speech Paronomasia (App-6) = "now the boy was a child". Note also the Figure of speech Parenthesis. App-6.

a = the.

thy soul = thyself. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13.

the LORD = Jehovah. Punctuate thus, "to Jehovah as long as he liveth. He shall be", &c. Note the Figure of speech Paronomasia (App-6) in verses: 1Sa 1:27-28. "Jehovah hath given me my petition (sh e ’elathi) which I asked of Him (sha’alti): therefore also I have lent him (hishiltihu) to Jehovah. "